制作沙盘使用的材料，一般有:沙盘框，托凳，细沙，泥土，地模型，表示道路，江河的各色纸(布)条，渲染地貌色调的锯末，颜料，表示战斗行动的兵棋，队标和队号，说明居民地，高地和江河名称用的纸牌，以及竹签(木签)，线绳，图钉，米尺，毛笔，铁锹等工具.
The materials used for making sand tables usually include: sand box, stool, fine sand, soil, ground model, representing roads, river colored paper (cloth) strips, rendering sawdust, pigments, battle actions, teams and team numbers, indicating residential areas, highland and river names, and bamboo sticks (wooden sticks), lines, pins, meters, brushes, spades, etc. With
1.设置沙盘
1. Set sand table
先将沙盘框放置稳妥，最好使沙盘的方位和现地一致，再铺上3-5厘米厚，湿度适当的沙土，并用木板刮平压紧，作为最低等高线的平面，然后打上和地形图相应的方格，在沙盘框周围注记相应的编号。
First, the sand table frame shall be placed stably, and the best position of the sand table shall be consistent with the local position. Then, sand soil with a thickness of 3-5cm and appropriate humidity shall be paved, and then the plane of the lowest contour line shall be scraped and compacted with wooden board. Then, the square grid corresponding to the topographic map shall be marked, and the corresponding number shall be marked around the sand table frame.
2.堆积地貌
2. Accumulation landform
(1)依照方格将地形图上已选定的最低等高线，能控制地貌基本形状的等高线，以及山顶，鞍部，山脚，倾斜变换点和江河等到的位置画到沙盘面上。   (2)将计算好的山顶，鞍部，山脚，倾斜变换点和江河弯曲部等起伏明显和点，分别插上竹签.竹签的高度，为该点在沙盘上的高度加上底层沙土的厚度。   (3)在最低等到高线范围内，以竹签和等高线为依据，先堆出山顶，鞍部，山背等的概略形状作为骨干，再修整其他部分.如沙盘较大，可分片堆积，先堆积进出困难处，后堆积进出方便处.堆积时，应随时对照地形图，以正确显示地貌的起伏状况，并应随时将沙土压紧，以免崩塌变形.如有较大的江河，湖泊，应在修整地貌时一并挖成.堆积完毕，应作全面检查和修整，并从高到低逐层撒上与地面颜色相符的锯末(或喷以颜色)。
(1) According to the grid, the lowest contour line selected on the topographic map, the contour line that can control the basic shape of the landform, as well as the positions of the mountain top, saddle, foot, slope transformation point and river are drawn on the sand table. (2) The height of bamboo stick is the height of the point on the sand table plus the thickness of bottom sand soil. (3) If the sand table is large, it can be piled up in pieces. First, pile up the rough shapes of the top, saddle and back of the mountain as the backbone, and then trim the other parts. If the sand table is large, it can be piled up in pieces. First, the difficult places and then the convenient places can be accumulated. When stacking, the topographic map should be checked at any time to correctly display the relief of the landform, and the sand and soil should be pressed at any time If there are large rivers and lakes, they should be excavated at the same time when the landforms are trimmed. After accumulation, they should be comprehensively checked and trimmed, and sawdust (or sprayed with color) that is consistent with the color of the ground is sprinkled layer by layer from high to low.
3.设置地物
3. Set up features
沙盘上的地物，如房屋，铁路，桥梁，树木和独立地物等，多用相似的模型表示，公路和乡村路用宽窄不等，颜色不同的纸(布条)表示;江河用蓝色纸条或锯末表示;树林用小树枝或绿色锯末表示.地物的大小，应与水平比例尺相适应，关系位置要求正确.设置地物，应按水系，居民地，道路，树林和独立地物的顺序进行设置.最后，在相应的位置上插上地名，江河名，山名和高程注记等纸牌。
The features on sand table, such as houses, railways, bridges, trees and independent features, are mostly represented by similar models. Roads and rural roads are represented by paper (cloth) with different width and color; rivers are represented by blue strips of paper or sawdust; Trees are represented by twigs or green sawdust. The size of the features should be in line with the horizontal scale, and the location requirements should be correct. The features should be set in the order of water system, residential areas, roads, trees and independent features. Finally, cards such as place names, river names, mountain names and elevation notes should be inserted in the corresponding positions.
4.设置战术情况
4. Set up tactics
战术情况，通常根据预定的作战方案或训练想定，用制式的兵棋，临时制作的队标，队号等进行设置.设置时，先设战斗分界线，而后按先敌后我，由前沿到纵深的顺序进行.如需显示敌，我设防工程时，应先设置工作设施，后设置战术情况。
The tactical situation is usually set according to the predetermined combat plan or training scenario, using standard wargame, temporary team logo, team number, etc. when setting, the battle boundary is set first, and then according to the order of the enemy first, then us, and from the front to the depth. If we need to display the enemy, we should set up working facilities first, and then set up the tactical situation.
5.整饰
5. Decoration
上述各项工作完成后，应详细对照检查，并标明沙盘的名称，指北箭头和比例尺，需要时用线绳拉上坐标网
After the completion of the above work, detailed check should be made, and the name of sand table, north arrow and scale should be marked. If necessary, the coordinate network should be pulled up with wire rope